名词单复数

（1）名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，不可数名词没有单复数，一律看作单数。

（2）可数名词的单数前什么时候用a，什么时候用an？

答：以元音音标（或音素）开头的用an。

以辅音音标（或音素）开头的用a。

注意：我们看的是音标（或音素），而不是元音字母，一、选择a或an或不填（用/表示）

          pen                      bag

         apple                    big apple

         banana                  orange

     oranges                orange pen

      hour [5auE]小时      house [haus]房子 

          umbrella [Qm5brelE]  雨伞

        university [7ju:ni5vE:siti]大学

        A[ei]         U[ju:]           H[eitF]

        R[a:]          B[bi:]          M[em]

          ice cream            chick

          e                     water

          child                  children

二、用a或an 填空。

1. Is it        Chinese book or        English book?

2. This is        ring , and it is        orange ring.

3. Mary is    English teacher. Tom is   Chinese teacher.

4. This is       bike. It’s     old bike.

5. This is     telephone number.

6. That is       ID card.

7. I lost my keys. It’s       set of keys.

8. It’s      apple, not      pear.

9. This is      peach. That’s       orange.

10. You have       banana, but I have       egg.

三.用a/an填空：
1.Is there _____ umbrella on the desk?
2.There is _____ island in the sea.
3.There is _____ picture on the card.
4.I have _____ old book.
5._____ apple is a kind of fruit.
6.There is _____ armchair in the living room.
7.I'd like _____ egg.
8.Look, there is _____ bird in the tree.
9.Is there _____ map on the walll?
10.There is _____ bench in the park.

（3）可数名词的变化规则：

①一般在词尾加s，如：books，bags，fruits。加s之后的读音规则：

1、清清浊浊，即清辅音后读清辅音[s]，如books [buks]

浊辅音后读浊辅音[z]，如bags [bAgz]

2、元音音标后面读[z]，如bogs [bRiz]

3、t后读[ts]，d后读[dz]

 如：cats[kAts]     birds[bE:dz]

请写出下列名词复数加s后的读音：

例：boats []            birds []

pens  [  ]          ducks [  ]

dogs [  ]            chicks [  ]

bears [  ]            rabbits [  ]

cards [  ]            flowers [  ]

②以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es，读[iz]

如：bus——buses [5bQsiz]   公交车

box——boxes [5bRksiz]  盒子

watch——watches [5wRtFiz]  手表

brush——brushes [5brQFiz] 刷子

写出下列名词的复数并写出所加s或es的音标。

glass ——                 [        ]

match ——                 [       ]

wish ——                   [        ]

③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i再加es，读[iz]；以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接在词尾加s。

如：baby —— babies [5beibiz] 婴儿

写出下列名词的复数：

butterfly —             boy —                 

toy —             

④以f、fe结尾的名词变f、fe为ves,读[vz]

如：wolf [wulf] 狼——wolves [wulvz]

写出下列名词的复数：

wife（妻子）—     life（生命）—     knife —　

⑤以o结尾的名词加es 的有：hero[5hiErEu] 英雄

Nigro [5nigrEu] 黑人 tomato [tE5meitEu]西红柿

potato [pE5teitEu]土豆

其他的以o结尾的名词直接在词尾加s

如：zoo——zoos         photo——photos

（4）名词复数的不规则变化：

man—men男人 

woman[wumEn]—women [5wimin]  女人

tooth [tu:W]—teeth [ti:W]  牙齿

foot [fut]—feet [fi:t] 脚，英尺

goose [gu:s]—geese [gi:z] 鹅

mouse [maus] —mice [mais] 老鼠

②child [tFaild]—children [5tFildrEn]  孩子

③单复同形的名词有：

chinese  [5tFaini:z] 中国人

Japanese [7dVApE5ni:z]日本人

sheep [Fi:p] 绵羊 deer [diE] 鹿   fish [fiF] 鱼

注意：fish①当一条鱼讲时，单复数同形，如three fish.

②当各种各样的鱼讲时，即强调鱼的种类时，要加es.

如：all kinds[kaindz] of fishes .各种各样的鱼

③当鱼肉讲时，不可数。

（5）名词修饰名词时的复数情况

a man teacher  一个男老师

two men teachers 两个男老师

a woman teacher 一个女老师

two women teachers 两个女老师

只有当man和woman 修饰名词时，前后两个名词都变复数。其他的名词修饰名词，只把最后的名词变为复数。

如：a girl student 一个女学生

two girl students 两个女学生

练习：

一、翻译：两个男工人worker               

两个女工人                     

两个小孩                        

3个中国人                        

3条鱼                          

4只绵羊                         

4只鹿                        

5只鹅                        

5英尺                            

6颗牙齿                           

6个女人                        

7只脚                             

7个男人                          

二、写出下列句子的复数句子。

1.     This is my friend.                             

2.     That is his brother.                             

3.     Is this your sister?                            

4.     Is that her cousin?                            

5.     What’s this?                                 

6.     This is an apple tree.                           

7.     It is an old backpack.                           

8. Yes,it is.                              

三、写出下列单词的复数形式

egg---(    ) bird--- (       )

pen--- (    ) leg--- (      )

chair---  (     )    chick---(     )

dish--- (     )      fish--- (     )

church--- (    )   pencilbox-- (     )

bus--- (    )      box--- (      )

toy-- (     )       key---(       )

donkey---(      )   monkey--(      )

fly---(      )        baby--- (      )

candy--- (      )   family--- (      )

potato---(     )   tomato---(      )

四、用单词的适当形式填空
1、There are four_____(apple) on the ground.
2、There are five _____(bird) in the tree.
3、I have three _____(eraser).
4、There is one _____(cap) on the desk.
5、I have two _____(pencil box).
6、There are nine _____(dish) on the plate.
7、There are two _____ (boy) in our classroom.
8、There are so many _____(leaf) on the tree.
9、There are fifteen _____(knife).
10、There are six _____(candy) in the in the jar.

五、选择填空。

(1) It’s autumn,     are falling(降落) down from trees.

   A. leaf   B. leafs   C. leaves    D. leavs

(2) There are five      under the tree.

   A. sheep  B. sheepes    C. ships     D. sheeps

(3) They want two         of       .

      A. cup, waters      B. cup, water  

C. cups, waters     D. cups, water

(4) How many        are there in a week?

   A. day           B. days     C. months

(5) —What are these in English?—      are stamps.

  A. They        B. It      C. Those